Gender bias isn’t just a flaw in human judgment - it is a reflection of the structures that built our societies.As Jutta Kühl (2003) describes, gender bias refers to systematic distortions that shape knowledge, perception, and evaluation based on gendered assumptions. It’s the invisible filter through which the world is seen and women, more often than not, are blurred out of focus. Kühl identifies three main forms of bias. The first is androcentrism: The belief that male expe

Family businesses can be considered the oldest form of business organization. Defining family businesses is a difficult task since, so far, there is no consensus definition available. Therefore, for the purpose of this article, when we refer to the family business form, we mean a business/ enterprise/company that involves one or more families or family members in management and control as well as in day-to-day procedures. Today, family businesses make up more than 60% of all

The underrepresentation of women in politics is a universal phenomenon, of which Portugal is no exception. Women in politics in Portugal, continue to be a minority, not only because they are less numerous than men in the context, but, above all, because they continue to struggle to legitimize their place. At the level of Portuguese national parliament, as of today, women represent only 37,2% of the participants (Flor, 2022). At local level, the number of Mayor positions held

The gender gap in high-ranking positions is a well-known issue. Interestingly, this does not correspond to the number of females versus males pursuing higher education degrees. But why can we observe such a gap in the business world, when we have quite similar numbers of females as males in higher education with often higher results than males? This article examines the discrepancy between women in higher education and women in high-ranking business positions. Higher educatio

Women have played a fundamental role in the face of the pandemic. The COVID-19 outburst has affected all industries and thus most households’ currents situation. In this scenario, women have also felt the crisis, but perhaps for different reasons. While the pandemic brought along a strong economic downturn, it has also altered demand for some specific products and services, and few of the sectors came out unaffected. Consumer spending, elasticity of demand and consumer habits

Written in collaboration with Nova Nudge Club The Pink Tax: What Is It? Once children grow older, they are exposed to a variety of stereotypes that aid in the formation of their behavior. Males are frequently described as more powerful, strong, and agile by parents, classmates, and society. Females, on the other hand, are defined by their beauty, feelings, and fragility. Women, as compared to males, tend to spend more on cosmetics, personal hygiene, and clothing since they ha

Written in collaboration with Nova Nudge Club Introduction Progress towards gender equality has been taking place for years and, fortunately, many stereotypes and inequalities have been overcome. However, it is a long process and society still experiences a considerable gender gap. One situation where there is often inequality between genders is the labor market, where men still earn higher salaries than women in the exact same position. Additionally, there are less women emp